c treatment for 15 years with daily dosages between 12 and 222 m

c. treatment for 15 years with daily dosages between 12 and 222 mg (average of 150 mg during the last year). The therapy was successful in aborting CH attacks. Long-term overdosage of sumatriptan was well tolerated, without adverse events. “
“(Headache 2011;51:1169-1172)


“According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria, the differences between migraine and cluster headache (CH) are clear. EMD 1214063 mw In addition to headache attack duration and pain characteristics, the symptoms accompanying headache represent the key features in a differential diagnosis of these 2 primary headache disorders. Just a few studies of patients with CH exist examining the presence of nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and aura, the features commonly accompanying migraine headache. The aim of this study

was to determine the presence of migraine-like features (MF) in patients with CH and establish the significance of these phenomena related to other clinical features and response GPCR Compound Library in vivo to treatment. One hundred and fifty-five patients with CH were studied, and 24.5% of them experienced at least one of MF during every CH attack. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently reported MF. The clinical presentation between CH patients with and without MF was not significantly different with the exception of aggravation of pain by effort (20.6% vs 4.1%) and facial sweating (13.2% vs 0.85%), both more frequent in CH patients with MF. Inferred from the results of our study, the presence of MF in CH patients had no important influence on the diagnosis and treatment of CH patients. The major differences of these 2 primary headache disorders, attack duration, lateralization, and the nature of associated symptoms, as delineated in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, are still useful tools for effective diagnosis. “
“(Headache 2010;50:185-197) Objectives.— To determine

the involvement of 5-HT2A (5-HT2A) receptor in the process of trigeminal plasticity induced by chronic analgesic exposure and in the medchemexpress process of inflammatory-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Background.— Derangement in 5-HT2A serotonin receptor has been reported to implicate in pathogenesis of medication-overuse headache. No clear explanation concerning the precise roles of these receptors in the process. Methods.— Wistar rats were daily administered with paracetamol (200 mg/kg) for 30 days. On the next day, ketanserin, a 5-HT2A antagonist, or saline was given prior to cortical spreading depression (CSD) induction. Electrocorticogram, cortical blood flow, Fos and 5-HT2A-immunoreactivity in cortex and trigeminal pathway were studied. In the other experiment, complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected into the rat hind paw to induce tissue inflammation. Three days later, ketanserin was given and noxious heat was applied to both inflamed and noninflamed paws.

8:1) was unusually high Given a lifespan that can exceed 30 year

8:1) was unusually high. Given a lifespan that can exceed 30 years, large average litter size and several litters per year, the lifetime lactation output of a mole-rat queen must be phenomenal and warrants further study. “
“Toads are defended chemically by bufadienolides, a class of cardiotonic steroids lethal to most predators. Bufadienolides bind to Na+,K+-ATPases, inhibiting the ability of those cellular pumps to transport ions. In cardiocytes, this inhibition causes arrhythmia and increased contractile strength, which, if prolonged, lead to death. However, several PD0325901 cell line snakes

are resistant to bufadienolides and consume toads with no apparent ill effects. Adrenal glands produce hormones that function in the maintenance of Na+,K+-ATPases, and may therefore play an important role in countering the negative effects of bufadienolides.

We hypothesized that bufophagous (toad-eating) snakes have enlarged adrenal glands that contribute to the snakes’ resistance to bufadienolides, and that sexual dimorphism in adrenal gland size is a general characteristic of bufophagous snakes. We compared phylogenetically independent pairs of taxa to investigate differences in adrenal morphology between bufophagous and nonbufophagous species. We also compared adrenal masses between males and females of bufophagous and nonbufophagous GDC 0449 species to test whether sexual dimorphism in adrenal size reported for one species of bufophagous snakes represents a more widespread phenomenon. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the allometric relationship between adrenal mass and body size is significantly 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 different between several bufophagous species and related nonbufophagous species; adrenal size differs between

males and females in those bufophagous species, with males having larger adrenal glands, but no such dimorphism exists in related nonbufophagous species. These results demonstrate that parallel morphological responses have occurred repeatedly in bufophagous snakes and suggest that the adrenal glands play a role in mediating the negative effects of bufadienolide ingestion in bufophagous snakes. “
“Predation rates of freshwater turtle nests can vary markedly, suggesting that in addition to different suites of predators present, environmental factors (e.g. vegetation characteristics, distance to water/clearing and rainfall) also influence survival of turtle nests. Understanding the influence of environmental factors on nest success can aid turtle conservation through successful management of nesting habitat. This study simultaneously investigated the effect of multiple factors on artificial nest survivorship at a site where oblong turtles Chelodina colliei were present.

8:1) was unusually high Given a lifespan that can exceed 30 year

8:1) was unusually high. Given a lifespan that can exceed 30 years, large average litter size and several litters per year, the lifetime lactation output of a mole-rat queen must be phenomenal and warrants further study. “
“Toads are defended chemically by bufadienolides, a class of cardiotonic steroids lethal to most predators. Bufadienolides bind to Na+,K+-ATPases, inhibiting the ability of those cellular pumps to transport ions. In cardiocytes, this inhibition causes arrhythmia and increased contractile strength, which, if prolonged, lead to death. However, several Saracatinib molecular weight snakes

are resistant to bufadienolides and consume toads with no apparent ill effects. Adrenal glands produce hormones that function in the maintenance of Na+,K+-ATPases, and may therefore play an important role in countering the negative effects of bufadienolides.

We hypothesized that bufophagous (toad-eating) snakes have enlarged adrenal glands that contribute to the snakes’ resistance to bufadienolides, and that sexual dimorphism in adrenal gland size is a general characteristic of bufophagous snakes. We compared phylogenetically independent pairs of taxa to investigate differences in adrenal morphology between bufophagous and nonbufophagous species. We also compared adrenal masses between males and females of bufophagous and nonbufophagous Hedgehog antagonist species to test whether sexual dimorphism in adrenal size reported for one species of bufophagous snakes represents a more widespread phenomenon. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the allometric relationship between adrenal mass and body size is significantly 上海皓元 different between several bufophagous species and related nonbufophagous species; adrenal size differs between

males and females in those bufophagous species, with males having larger adrenal glands, but no such dimorphism exists in related nonbufophagous species. These results demonstrate that parallel morphological responses have occurred repeatedly in bufophagous snakes and suggest that the adrenal glands play a role in mediating the negative effects of bufadienolide ingestion in bufophagous snakes. “
“Predation rates of freshwater turtle nests can vary markedly, suggesting that in addition to different suites of predators present, environmental factors (e.g. vegetation characteristics, distance to water/clearing and rainfall) also influence survival of turtle nests. Understanding the influence of environmental factors on nest success can aid turtle conservation through successful management of nesting habitat. This study simultaneously investigated the effect of multiple factors on artificial nest survivorship at a site where oblong turtles Chelodina colliei were present.


“Summary  Whilst virally attenuated clotting factor conce


“Summary.  Whilst virally attenuated clotting factor concentrates are now safe with respect to transmission of HBV and HIV there are many individuals with haemophilia who were infected many years ago by these viruses. New combination therapies are available for treating both these virus infections and efficacy rates are increasing. Although many of the clinical studies are initially undertaken in non-haemophilia individuals, consideration needs to be given as to the possible benefits of including those with haemophilia in the clinical assessment. While chronic Staurosporine purchase viral infections produce therapeutic challenges, in the areas of hepatitis B and HIV, advances in treatment are being reported which improve

the outlook of those affected. For those with responsibility for developing and licencing new treatments it is imperative that priority is afforded to enabling individuals with the haemophilias to benefit from these advances. Chronic hepatitis B virus

(HBV) infections remain a major public health problem worldwide PF-562271 in vitro with approximately 350 million chronic carriers. These carriers are exposed to the risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1]. HBV infection can be acquired via vertical, sexual or blood transmission. Approximately 10% of HIV infected patients are co-infected with HBV. HBV belongs to the hepadnavirus family. The replication of its genome requires a reverse transcription step. Viral persistence is mainly the result of the persistence of a stable closed circular element (cccDNA) in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes [1]. The goal of antiviral therapy is to prevent progression of liver fibrosis and development of HCC [2,3]. To achieve

this goal, prolonged viral suppression is required. Two main classes of drugs have been approved including cytokines (pegylated interferon alpha) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) which are viral polymerase inhibitors (lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir). The use of drugs with a high antiviral MCE公司 potency and high barrier to resistance (entevavir and tenofovir) is now recommended. In patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, administration of pegylated interferon for 48 weeks results in viral suppression in approximately 40% of patients and in HBe seroconversion in 30% of patients. Administration of entecavir or tenofovir results in viral suppression in approximately 70% of patients and in HBe seroconversion in 20% after 1 year, while the rate of viral suppression continues to increase during prolonged treatment beyond 1 year. The end point of therapy in these patients is viral suppression and HBe seroconversion; in this situation, treatment cessation can be considered [2,3]. In patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, administration of pegylated interferon for 48 weeks results in viral suppression in approximately 60% of patients.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset of patients with cirrhosis who underwent a hepatic hemodynamic study and right heart catheterization. SVR and CO were categorized according to the presence of abnormal values (below 800 dyn.cm.s5 and above 8 l/m, respectively). Hyperdynamic circulation was defined when both parameters were abnormal. CD was defined by the presence of creatinin >1.5 mg/dL and/or hyponatremia <130 mmol/L. Variables are reported as percentages or medians(IQR). Comparison were performed by means of U-mann Whitney and ANOVA. Kaplan-Meyer curves were constructed and compared with the log rank test. Results: Buparlisib clinical trial 437 patients were included (65% male, 71% had alcohol related

disease, Child A 102 (23%), B 182 (42%), and C 130 (30%), 57% with ascites (n=249) and 30% with refractory ascites (n=130). 22% had hyperdynamic circulation, interestingly 18% of patients without ascites and 25 % of patients with ascites had hyperdynamic circulation. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation had greater HVPG [18 (13-20) mmHg vs. 16 (11-19) mmHg](p=0.007) although no difference in creatinin and serum sodium

were observed compared to patients without hyperdynamic circulation. Among patients with ascites, no difference in the prevalence of hyperdynamic circulation was observed according to the presence of diuretic responsive (26%) or refractory ascites (23%). CD was observed in 20% of patients, most frequently in patients with refractory ascites (61%). No association was observed between the presence of HDAC inhibitor hyperdynamic circulation and CD. Patients with CD had greater HVPG [19 (16-21) mmHg vs 15 (11-19) mmHg](p<0.001) and lower SVR [834 (683-1057) dyn.cm.s-5 vs. 938 (751-1182) dyn.cm.s-5] (p=0.006), nevertheless no differences in CO [6.9 (5.6-8.4) l/min vs. 6.7 (5.7-8.3) l/min] were observed. Conclusions: Approximately 25% of patients with cirrhosis have hyperdynamic circulation, irrespective of ascites. CD is associated to refractory ascites. Patients

with CD have lower SVR, without differences in CO. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Cristina Ripoll, Phillip Hohaus, Marcus Hollenbach, Robin A. Greinert, Alexander Zipprich Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most frequent infection in patients with cirrhosis causing significant medchemexpress mortality which requires rapid recognition and treatment with systemic antibiotic therapy. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the addition of non-absorbable oral antibiotic rifaximin for selective intestinal decontamination with aim to reduce bacterial translocation from the gut in patients admitted with SBP reduced mortality as well as other secondary outcomes. Methodology: A retrospective review of patients admitted to Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare adult hospitals between 4/09-4/14 with an ICD-9 diagnosis code of 567.23 (SBP) was conducted.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset of patients with cirrhosis who underwent a hepatic hemodynamic study and right heart catheterization. SVR and CO were categorized according to the presence of abnormal values (below 800 dyn.cm.s5 and above 8 l/m, respectively). Hyperdynamic circulation was defined when both parameters were abnormal. CD was defined by the presence of creatinin >1.5 mg/dL and/or hyponatremia <130 mmol/L. Variables are reported as percentages or medians(IQR). Comparison were performed by means of U-mann Whitney and ANOVA. Kaplan-Meyer curves were constructed and compared with the log rank test. Results: Ferrostatin-1 437 patients were included (65% male, 71% had alcohol related

disease, Child A 102 (23%), B 182 (42%), and C 130 (30%), 57% with ascites (n=249) and 30% with refractory ascites (n=130). 22% had hyperdynamic circulation, interestingly 18% of patients without ascites and 25 % of patients with ascites had hyperdynamic circulation. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation had greater HVPG [18 (13-20) mmHg vs. 16 (11-19) mmHg](p=0.007) although no difference in creatinin and serum sodium

were observed compared to patients without hyperdynamic circulation. Among patients with ascites, no difference in the prevalence of hyperdynamic circulation was observed according to the presence of diuretic responsive (26%) or refractory ascites (23%). CD was observed in 20% of patients, most frequently in patients with refractory ascites (61%). No association was observed between the presence of Lumacaftor mw hyperdynamic circulation and CD. Patients with CD had greater HVPG [19 (16-21) mmHg vs 15 (11-19) mmHg](p<0.001) and lower SVR [834 (683-1057) dyn.cm.s-5 vs. 938 (751-1182) dyn.cm.s-5] (p=0.006), nevertheless no differences in CO [6.9 (5.6-8.4) l/min vs. 6.7 (5.7-8.3) l/min] were observed. Conclusions: Approximately 25% of patients with cirrhosis have hyperdynamic circulation, irrespective of ascites. CD is associated to refractory ascites. Patients

with CD have lower SVR, without differences in CO. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Cristina Ripoll, Phillip Hohaus, Marcus Hollenbach, Robin A. Greinert, Alexander Zipprich Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most frequent infection in patients with cirrhosis causing significant MCE公司 mortality which requires rapid recognition and treatment with systemic antibiotic therapy. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the addition of non-absorbable oral antibiotic rifaximin for selective intestinal decontamination with aim to reduce bacterial translocation from the gut in patients admitted with SBP reduced mortality as well as other secondary outcomes. Methodology: A retrospective review of patients admitted to Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare adult hospitals between 4/09-4/14 with an ICD-9 diagnosis code of 567.23 (SBP) was conducted.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset of patients with cirrhosis who underwent a hepatic hemodynamic study and right heart catheterization. SVR and CO were categorized according to the presence of abnormal values (below 800 dyn.cm.s5 and above 8 l/m, respectively). Hyperdynamic circulation was defined when both parameters were abnormal. CD was defined by the presence of creatinin >1.5 mg/dL and/or hyponatremia <130 mmol/L. Variables are reported as percentages or medians(IQR). Comparison were performed by means of U-mann Whitney and ANOVA. Kaplan-Meyer curves were constructed and compared with the log rank test. Results: this website 437 patients were included (65% male, 71% had alcohol related

disease, Child A 102 (23%), B 182 (42%), and C 130 (30%), 57% with ascites (n=249) and 30% with refractory ascites (n=130). 22% had hyperdynamic circulation, interestingly 18% of patients without ascites and 25 % of patients with ascites had hyperdynamic circulation. Patients with hyperdynamic circulation had greater HVPG [18 (13-20) mmHg vs. 16 (11-19) mmHg](p=0.007) although no difference in creatinin and serum sodium

were observed compared to patients without hyperdynamic circulation. Among patients with ascites, no difference in the prevalence of hyperdynamic circulation was observed according to the presence of diuretic responsive (26%) or refractory ascites (23%). CD was observed in 20% of patients, most frequently in patients with refractory ascites (61%). No association was observed between the presence of Neratinib cost hyperdynamic circulation and CD. Patients with CD had greater HVPG [19 (16-21) mmHg vs 15 (11-19) mmHg](p<0.001) and lower SVR [834 (683-1057) dyn.cm.s-5 vs. 938 (751-1182) dyn.cm.s-5] (p=0.006), nevertheless no differences in CO [6.9 (5.6-8.4) l/min vs. 6.7 (5.7-8.3) l/min] were observed. Conclusions: Approximately 25% of patients with cirrhosis have hyperdynamic circulation, irrespective of ascites. CD is associated to refractory ascites. Patients

with CD have lower SVR, without differences in CO. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Cristina Ripoll, Phillip Hohaus, Marcus Hollenbach, Robin A. Greinert, Alexander Zipprich Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most frequent infection in patients with cirrhosis causing significant MCE公司 mortality which requires rapid recognition and treatment with systemic antibiotic therapy. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the addition of non-absorbable oral antibiotic rifaximin for selective intestinal decontamination with aim to reduce bacterial translocation from the gut in patients admitted with SBP reduced mortality as well as other secondary outcomes. Methodology: A retrospective review of patients admitted to Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare adult hospitals between 4/09-4/14 with an ICD-9 diagnosis code of 567.23 (SBP) was conducted.

Our molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily including th

Our molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily including the type genus using DNA sequences of SSU rDNA and plastid-encoded gene of PSII reaction center protein D1 (psbA) revealed that Mastophora formed a robust clade only with Metamastophora. The other mastophoroid genera were divided into six lineages within the family Corallinaceae. Five supported PF-02341066 datasheet lineages—(i) Pneophyllum; (ii) Hydrolithon gardineri (Foslie) Verheij et Prud’homme, Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydr.) Penrose et Woelk., and Hydrolithon pachydermum (Foslie) J. C. Bailey,

J. E. Gabel et Freshwater; (iii) Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber Bosse et Foslie) Foslie; (iv) Spongites; and (v) Neogoniolithon—were clearly distinguished by the combination of characters including the presence or absence of palisade cells and trichocytes in large, tightly packed horizontal fields and features of tetrasporangial and spermatangial conceptacles. Therefore, we amend the Mastophoroideae to be limited to Mastophora and Metamastophora with a thin thallus with basal filaments comprised of palisade cells, tetrasporangial conceptacles formed by filaments Alectinib mw peripheral to fertile

areas, and spermatangia derived only from the floor of male conceptacles. This emendation supports Setchell’s (1943) original definition of the Mastophoroideae as having thin thalli. We also propose the establishment of three new subfamilies, Hydrolithoideae subfam. nov. including Hydrolithon, Porolithoideae subfam. nov. including the resurrected genus Porolithon, and Neogoniolithoideae subfam. nov. including Neogoniolithon. Taxonomic revisions of Pneophyllum and Spongites were not made because we did not examine their type species. “
“All photosynthetic

organisms endeavor to balance energy supply with demand. For sea-ice diatoms, as with all marine photoautotrophs, light is the most important factor for determining growth and carbon-fixation rates. Light varies from extremely low to often relatively high irradiances within the sea-ice environment, 上海皓元 meaning that sea-ice algae require moderate physiological plasticity that is necessary for rapid light acclimation and photoprotection. This study investigated photoprotective mechanisms employed by bottom Antarctic sea-ice algae in response to relatively high irradiances to understand how they acclimate to the environmental conditions presented during early spring, as the light climate begins to intensify and snow and sea-ice thinning commences. The sea-ice microalgae displayed high photosynthetic plasticity to increased irradiance, with a rapid decline in photochemical efficiency that was completely reversible when placed under low light. Similarly, the photoprotective xanthophyll pigment diatoxanthin (Dt) was immediately activated but reversed during recovery under low light.

Our molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily including th

Our molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily including the type genus using DNA sequences of SSU rDNA and plastid-encoded gene of PSII reaction center protein D1 (psbA) revealed that Mastophora formed a robust clade only with Metamastophora. The other mastophoroid genera were divided into six lineages within the family Corallinaceae. Five supported AUY-922 cost lineages—(i) Pneophyllum; (ii) Hydrolithon gardineri (Foslie) Verheij et Prud’homme, Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydr.) Penrose et Woelk., and Hydrolithon pachydermum (Foslie) J. C. Bailey,

J. E. Gabel et Freshwater; (iii) Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber Bosse et Foslie) Foslie; (iv) Spongites; and (v) Neogoniolithon—were clearly distinguished by the combination of characters including the presence or absence of palisade cells and trichocytes in large, tightly packed horizontal fields and features of tetrasporangial and spermatangial conceptacles. Therefore, we amend the Mastophoroideae to be limited to Mastophora and Metamastophora with a thin thallus with basal filaments comprised of palisade cells, tetrasporangial conceptacles formed by filaments Dabrafenib concentration peripheral to fertile

areas, and spermatangia derived only from the floor of male conceptacles. This emendation supports Setchell’s (1943) original definition of the Mastophoroideae as having thin thalli. We also propose the establishment of three new subfamilies, Hydrolithoideae subfam. nov. including Hydrolithon, Porolithoideae subfam. nov. including the resurrected genus Porolithon, and Neogoniolithoideae subfam. nov. including Neogoniolithon. Taxonomic revisions of Pneophyllum and Spongites were not made because we did not examine their type species. “
“All photosynthetic

organisms endeavor to balance energy supply with demand. For sea-ice diatoms, as with all marine photoautotrophs, light is the most important factor for determining growth and carbon-fixation rates. Light varies from extremely low to often relatively high irradiances within the sea-ice environment, 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 meaning that sea-ice algae require moderate physiological plasticity that is necessary for rapid light acclimation and photoprotection. This study investigated photoprotective mechanisms employed by bottom Antarctic sea-ice algae in response to relatively high irradiances to understand how they acclimate to the environmental conditions presented during early spring, as the light climate begins to intensify and snow and sea-ice thinning commences. The sea-ice microalgae displayed high photosynthetic plasticity to increased irradiance, with a rapid decline in photochemical efficiency that was completely reversible when placed under low light. Similarly, the photoprotective xanthophyll pigment diatoxanthin (Dt) was immediately activated but reversed during recovery under low light.

A p value < 005 (two-tailed) was considered to be significant A

A p value < 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered to be significant. All calculations were processed using the SPSS 13.0 software package. Results: In cirrhotic patients, the levels of serum PG I and PGR were lower than that in healthy controls. Then comparison the levels of serum PG between cirrhotic groups, PHG group (49.48 + 23.86 μg/l) < no PHG group (74.85 + 30.27 μg/l), P = 0.000; but there were no significant difference between the two groups for PG II and PGR. Cirrhosis of the PHG appear in different parts of the gastric mucosa, selleck compound there were no obvious difference between serum

PG level, and no significant difference between the A, B and C group, also between alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatitis b cirrhosis. The levels of serum PG II in with H.pylori infection group was higher in no H.pylori infection group in hepatocirrhosis (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The level of serum PG I decreased obviously in hepatocirrhosis with portal hypertension gastropathy, gastric mucosa lamina propria would damage, the secretion function reduced; In different parts of the gastric

mucosa with PHG, the secretion function has no obvious difference. H.pylori infection may affect the level of PG II. In a certain extent, serum PG level especially PG I can reflect the function of gastric mucosa in patients of liver cirrhosis. Key Word(s): 1. Liver cirrhosis; 2. Gastric mucosal; 3. Serum pepsinogen; 4. Liver function grade; Presenting Author: HUA MAO Additional Authors: JUNHUI OUYANG, WEISHENG SONG, CHUNCHI HUANG Corresponding Author: HUA MAO Affiliations: Zhujiang Hospital of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Metformin-hydrochloride(Glucophage).html Southern medical university; Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Zhujiang Hospital of Southern medical university; MCE Zhujiang Hospital of Southern medical university Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Tolvaptan in patients with cirrhosis ascites accompany with or without hyponatremia. Methods: 17 cases with cirrhosis ascites, including Child-Pugh score class A, 0 cases, class B, 9 cases,

class C, 8 cases, over a period from Dec.27, 2011 to Mar.15 2013 were obtained, in which 16 cases with massive ascites, 1 case with mild ascites. Tolvapton was orally administered at a dose of 15 mg once daily for 5 days to all obtained cases. Changes in serum sodium, serum potassium, plasma colloid osmatic pressure, urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine clearance, abdominal circumference, 24-hour urine volumes were observed before and after administering. Results: Significant increase in serum sodium, serum potassium, plasma colloid osmatic pressure were observed (P < 0.05). 24-hour urine volumes during Tolvaptan administering were significantly difference from those before and after that (P < 0.05). The 24-hour urine volumes of the first four days administering Tolvaptan were significant higher than that of the fifth day and days without administering (P < 0.05).