When GOF (10–100 msec) of the residual magnetic fields was <80%, we attempted to find the third source by the distribution of the residual magnetic fields for a period from 10 to 100 msec after movement onset. If the dipole was located outside the sensory and motor cortices in both hemispheres (e.g., below the corpus callosum or around the eye) or GOF (10–100 msec) was <80%, we repeated

this procedure until GOF was >80% or four sources were obtained around the sensorimotor area in the hemisphere contralateral to the movement. The source location was expressed using an MEG head-based coordinate system. The origin was the midpoint Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical between the preauricular points. The x-axis indicated the coronal plane with a positive value toward the right preauricular point, the y-axis indicated the midsagittal plane with a positive value in the anterior Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical direction, and the z-axis indicated the transverse plane preauricular to the x–y plane with a positive value toward the upper side. The ECD locations were converted into a Talairach-transformed anatomical brain image using BESA and Brain Voyager QX 2.6 (Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, Netherlands) and group comparisons were made. Statistical analysis Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Paired t tests were used to test for statistical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical differences in kinematic data between active and passive movements, and in peak latencies between MEF1 and the earliest MEG component after PM (PM1).

The statistical significance of source localization at N20m, MEF1, and PM1 was assessed by the Friedman test, and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the Wilcoxon rank test was performed for the post-hoc test using x, y, and z coordinates. P < 0.016 was considered

significant. Results Kinematic data Figure 1 shows the kinematic data obtained during the preexperiment conducted outside the shielded room. Range of motion of the MP joint determined using the electrogoniometer was 26.6 ± 3.3° during active movement, which was not significantly different from the range of motion during PM (27.8 ± 2.6°). The time from movement onset to the maximum extended position was 112.7 ± 16.3 msec Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for active movement and 120.5 ± 10.5 msec for PM, much which were not significantly different. The time lag between the onset of the LED sensor and the onset of deflection of the MP joint ABT-263 observed using the electrogoniometer was <±2.0 msec for both active and passive movements. EMG activities in the extensor indicis muscle occurred 49.5 ± 5.6 msec before the onset of active movement (onset of the LED sensor), and slight activations of the flexor muscle were observed during active movement. No EMG activity was observed in the extensor or flexor muscle during PM. Figure 1 Kinematic data obtained in the preexperiment conducted outside the shielded room from a representative subject. The data recorded from 10 trials are superimposed. The MP joint angle, EMG activity of the extensor indicis and finger flexor muscles, and …