To perform statistical testing on the ROI time course data, the BOLD activity values from 4 to 10 s after the onset of each stage of the protocol were extracted for each trial (or 4 to 12 s for CAM1 events, which were longer). These corresponded to the peak time points of the hemodynamic response functions obtained for each stage from the event-triggered averages. Each series of time points was labeled with the behavioral performance associated with it (SPONT, REM, or NotREM) and with

the participant’s index. In this manner we obtained for each stage of the trial (CAM1, SOL, and CAM2) a matrix of 420 rows (30 trials per participant × 14 TSA HDAC solubility dmso participants) and 9 columns (seven time points, plus one column for participant index and one for behavioral performance status, i.e., event type; CAM1 events had 11 columns). Such a matrix was obtained for each ROI. (For those ROIs that were identified in less than the full set of

14 participants, the number of rows was accordingly smaller). The matrices were imported MLN0128 mouse into Statistica (Statsoft Inc.) and the values at each time point were subjected to a mixed-model ANOVA with event type (REM, NotREM, or SPONT) as one factor, and participant index as a random factor, to determine whether there were significant differences between the BOLD activity within the same region in different event types. A comparison between two event types was considered significant if the resulting p value for three consecutive time points was significant, with a criterion α = 0.05 and a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (for SOL and CAM2, three consecutive time points out of seven time points provide five comparisons, therefore α∗ = 0.01; for CAM1, three consecutive time points out of nine time points provide

seven comparisons, therefore Rolziracetam α∗ = 0.007). Among the trials where participants did not spontaneously recognize the image during Study, the total number of trials that were performed correctly during Test (REM events) was 128 (across all participants). The total number of trials where an error was performed during Test (in the multiple choice, Grid task, or both; NotREM events) was 178. The number of trials where the underlying object was recognized spontaneously during CAM1 (SPONT events) was 114. Data from the camouflage Study runs of Experiment 3 were modeled in the same manner as in Experiment 2, except that to avoid circularity of the prediction, the subsequent memory information was not used in the GLM. The predictors were hence: SPONT, for those trials when the camouflage was reported (at the QUERY stage) as identified spontaneously during Study (i.e.