Through the analysis of MAS simulation and SA method basic principles, combination selleck inhibitor of them is mainly reflected in the qualitative analysis and design for different scenarios using SA, and actual simulation model and process are completed by MAS quantitatively. Furthermore, factors analysis in scenario design process will be affected by the data mining results of landscape dynamic knowledge database in the MAS simulation process. This makes the scenario analysis process more consistent with the actual situation of regional development and gain a strong geographical significance. The study presents a theoretical framework of land-use planning based on SA method and MAS simulation integration (Figure 1).Figure 1The theoretical framework of landscape planning based on MAS and SA integration.3.

Case Implementation and Results3.1. Study Area and Data3.1.1. Study Area Wetlands are integral parts of the global ecosystem as they can prevent or reduce the severity of floods, feed ground water, and provide unique habitats for flora and fauna [42, 43]. The Sanjiang Plain, located in the Northeastern region of China, is one of the largest freshwater wetland in the country (Figure 2). Since the end of the 1950s, large-scale development in the Sanjiang Plain marsh land has occurred [44]. By 2003, about 80% of natural wetlands had been converted to farm land and the progressive loss of wetland is continuing [45]. With a local population of 7.8 million in this region, of which 53.4% is engaged in farming the Sanjiang Plain has become an important grain and bean production region for China [46].

The regional climate is mild humid to subhumid continental monsoon feature. The average temperatures range from ?18��C in January to 21-22��C in July with a frost-free period of 120�C140 days. Annual precipitation is somewhere around 500�C650mm with 80% occurring from May to September. Most of the rivers at the area have riparian wetlands supporting meadow and marsh vegetation. Sedge (Carex spp.) is the dominant plants with Phragmites spp. scattered across some parts of the landscape [47].Figure 2Location of the study area in Sanjiang Plain, China.The study area is limited within 47��21��42���C48��15��9��� north altitude and 133��25��52���C134��33��37��� east longitude in the Northeast of Sanjiang Plain at (Figure 2). Several factors had been taken into consideration when this region Entinostat was chosen to start this study. Firstly, the Sanjiang Plain is one of the largest marsh distribution region. Secondly, it is a typical representation in the global temperate wetland ecosystems. Thirdly, due to the relative cold weather, deep surface waters, large marsh patches, and sparse population, reclamation of marsh lands in this region is relatively late.