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“Purpose: This investigation was carried out to determine the impact of Parkia biglobosa starch modification on the fractions, namely rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS).

Methods: Aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite and potassium hydroxide was used to extract starch prior to modification by pyrodextrinization, NU7441 cross-linking and heat-moisture treatment. Solubility, swelling power, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal properties of the native and modified starches were also studied.

Results: Pyrodextrinization (PD), cross-linking (CL), and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) reduced the swelling power

to 6.73, 4.17 and 5.57 g/g, respectively but increased solubility by 59.0, 41, 41.5 and 39.5 %, respectively, and tended to decrease gelatinization enthalpy buy AZD9291 (Delta H). Starch yield was 25.7 % on a whole seed basis. RS content significantly (p < 0.05) increased to 46.3,

49.2 and 45.3 %, respectively following PD, CL and HMT. X-ray diffraction resulrs indicate the presence of V-type crystallinity in the modified parkia starch while SEM showed PD and CL starch structures were more compact and dense than HMT starch which was irregularly-shaped formed.

Conclusion: Native parkia starch modified by pyrodextrinization, cross-linking and heat-moisture treatment showed appreciably higher thermal stability which makes it suitable for incorporation in foods that are subject to high temperature processing and high shear.”
“Contents The present study was conducted to investigate the timing of preimplantatory development in the dog and to evaluate the efficiency of flushing oviducts and uterine horns to collect embryos. Among the embryonic structures collected between day 8 and day 12 after click here ovulation, 43% were at the 116 cells stage, 23% were at the morula stage and 34% at the blastocyst stage. Our collection method yielded to a recovery rate of 61.3%, and 7.1 +/- 0.7 embryos were harvested per bitch. In addition, the ovulation rate reached 11.6 +/- 0.8 per bitch. The

first morulae were observed from day 9 post-ovulation, while the first blastocyst appeared from day 10. Two-thirds of the collected morulae-blastocysts were obtained between the 11th and the 12th day after ovulation. To the moment, we suggest this is the best period to harvest canine embryo for cryopreservation.”
“Background We asked whether visits to physician offices and hospital outpatient clinics for angina have changed over time and whether more frequent use of certain diagnostic techniques or referrals in this setting may account for such changes.

Methods and Results We combined data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to study visits to physician offices and outpatient departments.