Currently, it is not known which secondary (rescue) ITI regimen is optimal, and what the potential cost implications are for using, e.g. immunosuppressive agents (e.g. rituximab or mycophenolate mofetil) in patients who have failed primary ITI. Other unknown costs include those associated with clotting factor required for the diagnosis and treatment of various medical illnesses associated with ageing,

and those related to establishing venous access for ITI. Furthermore, is 10 BU risk stratification different from 5 BU and, if so, what influence does it have on the decision model? In the post-HIV and -HCV era, are life expectancy data generated by Soucie and colleagues still accurate? How will new extended half-life products http://www.selleckchem.com/products/acalabrutinib.html influence the model? How important is the distinction between pdFVIII/VWF concentrates compared with rFVIII products in ITI? Data from ongoing studies will hopefully help to address the latter question. Dr Kessler thank Stephanie Aloxistatin Earnshaw, Christopher Graham and Cheryl McDade (RTI-Health Solutions), and Jeffrey Spears (Grifols Inc.) for their efforts in developing the decision analytic model. J Oldenburg has received reimbursement

for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Bayer, Biogen Idec, Biotest, CSL-Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Pfizer. S Austin has received research support from Baxter learn more and Boehringer-Ingelheim, has served on advisory panels for Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BPL and Pfizer, and is a member of the speaker bureau for Bayer, Grifols, and Octapharma. C Kessler has received research support from Baxter-Immuno, Bayer, Grifols, NovoNordisk, Octapharma and Sanofi, and has acted as a consultant to Baxter-Immuno, Bayer, Grifols, Merck, NovoNordisk, Octapharma, Pfizer, Sanofi and CSL. The authors received an honorarium from Grifols S.A. for participating

in the symposium and production of the article. The authors thank Content Ed Net for providing editorial assistance in the preparation of the article, with funding by Grifols S.A. “
“Despite reliable results of ankle fusion for advanced haemophilic arthropathy, total ankle replacement (TAR) may be functionally advantageous. There is only very limited literature data available on TAR in patients with haemophilia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the short- and mid-term results after TAR in patients with end-stage haemophilic ankle arthropathy and concomitant virus infections. In a retrospective study, results after eleven TAR in 10 patients with severe (n = 8) and moderate (n = 2) haemophilia (mean age: 49 ± 7 years, range, 37–59) were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 3.0 years (range, 1.2–5.4). Nine patients were positive for hepatitis C, five were HIV-positive.