Central to the reflections in this paper is the patient's and the analyst's struggle to reconcile a persistent and distressing reality, intensified by the rapid and severe shifts in external circumstances, necessitating a shift in the therapeutic setting. The determination to conduct phone-based sessions unveiled particular challenges related to the discontinuity of contact and the limitations of relying on visual perception. To the analyst's astonishment, the analysis additionally championed the prospect of unraveling the meaning embedded within some autistic mental domains that had, until that moment, remained impervious to verbal articulation. Questioning the ramifications of these modifications, the author expounds on the resultant impact on analysts and patients of how alterations to the frameworks of our daily lives and clinical practice have exposed previously hidden elements of personality, previously concealed within the setting's structure.

A Home Within (AHW), a volunteer, community-based organization, collaboratively undertakes the work detailed in this paper, providing pro-bono long-term psychotherapy for current and former foster youth. This paper presents a condensed description of the treatment model, accompanied by a report on the treatment administered by an AHW volunteer, followed by a discussion of the societal context relevant to our psychoanalytically-informed work. A comprehensive psychotherapeutic approach with a young girl in pre-adoptive foster care showcases the impact of psychoanalytic treatment on foster youth, often neglected by overburdened, under-resourced community mental health systems in the United States. This open-ended psychotherapy provided an unparalleled opportunity for this traumatized child to work through past relational trauma and develop more secure attachments. Analyzing the case further requires considering both the specifics of the psychotherapeutic process and the encompassing societal context of this community-based program.

Psychoanalytic dream theories are assessed against the outcomes of empirical studies on dreams in the paper. The psychoanalytic treatment of dream function, encompassing the role of dreams in sleep preservation, wish-fulfillment theory, the concept of compensation, and the exploration of differences between latent and manifest content, is summarized here. Within the domain of empirical dream research, these inquiries have been the subject of investigation, and the obtained results offer potential insights for psychoanalytic theory development. This paper presents a synthesis of empirical dream research and its implications, alongside clinical dream analysis rooted in psychoanalysis, significantly prevalent within German-speaking countries. The results are employed to address core issues in psychoanalytic dream theories and showcase the influence of these findings on contemporary approaches. Summarizing the paper's arguments, a revised theory of dreaming and its functions is proposed, incorporating psychoanalytic perspectives and research evidence.

In an attempt to demonstrate the process, the author details how an epiphany from a reverie during a session might unveil unexpected insights into the nature and potential representation of the emotional experience, deeply embedded within the here-and-now of the analytic interaction. Reverie becomes a significant analytical tool particularly when an analyst engages with primordial mental states characterized by unrepresentable sensations and emotional turbulence. A hypothetical framework of functions, technical applications, and analytical consequences of reverie in an analytic process is outlined in this paper, emphasizing the transformative power of analysis in altering the nightmares and anxieties that trouble the patient's consciousness through dreams. The author's focus is on (a) how reverie serves as a measure of analyzability during the initial interview; (b) the unique characteristics of two different kinds of reverie—'polaroid reveries' and 'raw reveries,'—as identified by the author; and (c) the possible expression of a reverie, especially in the case of the 'polaroid reverie,' as highlighted by the author. Hypothesized by the author, the reverie's function in analytic work, as a probe and resource, is illustrated through living portraits of analytic life, and the engagement with the archaic and presymbolic psychic realms.

His attacks on linking, as if in direct response to his former analyst's insights, were meticulously delivered by Bion. A prior lecture on technique by Klein emphasized the need for a book that would delve into the crucial technique of linking [.], a central point of psychoanalytic theory. In Second Thoughts, the paper 'Attacks on Linking' by Bion has been extensively treated, and this has become a highly influential piece, perhaps Bion's most celebrated. Excluding Freud's work, it ranks as the fourth most referenced article in all psychoanalytic writings. Bion's concise and brilliant essay on invisible-visual hallucinations, an enigmatic and fascinating concept, seems to have remained unexamined and undiscussed by other scholars thereafter. Accordingly, the author's recommendation is to re-engage with Bion's text, beginning with the perspective of this idea. To provide a definition as precise and unambiguous as possible, a comparative analysis is undertaken with concepts of negative hallucination (Freud), dream screen (Lewin), and primitive agony (Winnicott). Ultimately, the hypothesis posits that IVH might furnish a model of the foundational elements of any representation; namely, a micro-traumatic inscription of the stimulus trace (though potentially evolving into a full-blown trauma) within the psychic realm.

This paper re-evaluates Freud's argument about the relationship between effective psychoanalytic treatment and truth, which is known as the 'Tally Argument' from Adolf Grunbaum's work, exploring the notion of proof within clinical psychoanalysis. I re-emphasize criticisms of Grunbaum's reformulation of this argument, thereby exposing the degree to which he misapprehends Freud. INDY inhibitor cost My own interpretation of the argument and the reasoning supporting its crucial premise is presented next. Following the discussion, I will present three distinct proof methodologies, each furthered by analogous examples found in comparative academic domains. Laurence Perrine's 'The Nature of Proof in the Interpretation of Poetry' motivates my investigation into inferential proof, particularly in demonstrating an interpretation using a compelling Inference to the Best Explanation. My discourse on apodictic proof, exemplified by psychoanalytic insight, is ignited by mathematical proof. INDY inhibitor cost Lastly, the holistic essence of legal reasoning inspires my exploration of holistic proof, a trustworthy process that demonstrates the connection between therapeutic success and the confirmation of epistemic conclusions. The three presented methods of proof are vital in confirming psychoanalytic truth claims.

This article highlights the impact of Peirce's philosophical ideas on four influential psychoanalytic thinkers – Ricardo Steiner, André Green, Björn Salomonsson, and Dominique Scarfone – demonstrating how this approach illuminates key psychoanalytic topics. Steiner's paper delves into Peirce's semiotics as a means to bridge a conceptual gap in Kleinian thought regarding the phenomena that separate symbolic equations—experienced as factual by psychotic patients—from the process of symbolization. Green's analysis of Lacan's assertion that the unconscious mirrors the structure of language prompts a consideration of Peirce's signs, specifically icons and indices, as potentially better suited to grasping the nature of the unconscious than Lacan's linguistic paradigm. INDY inhibitor cost One of Salomonsson's publications exemplifies the enlightening power of Peirce's philosophical approach within clinical practice. This application effectively answers the argument that infants in mother-infant therapy wouldn't understand words; another piece offers valuable insights into Bion's beta-elements using Peirce's ideas. Scarfone's last paper's discussion of meaning-making in psychoanalysis, while extensive, will be restricted to the application of Peirce's concepts in the model devised by Scarfone.

The renal angina index (RAI), a tool for predicting severe acute kidney injury (AKI), has been corroborated by various pediatric research studies. The central aims of this investigation were twofold: to evaluate the predictive power of the RAI for severe AKI in critically ill COVID-19 patients, and to formulate a modified RAI (mRAI) for application within this specific patient population.
A prospective cohort analysis examined COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at a major medical center in Mexico City between March 2020 and January 2021. The KDIGO guidelines defined the criteria for AKI. The RAI score was calculated for all included patients, employing the Matsuura method. The condition's highest achievable score, unanimously reached by all patients through IMV, aligned with the creatinine (SCr) difference. A significant consequence of ICU admission was the development of severe acute kidney injury (AKI), either stage 2 or 3, within 24 and 72 hours. A logistic regression analysis was undertaken to discover the factors related to severe acute kidney injury (AKI) progression. The resulting data was used to produce and evaluate a modified Risk Assessment Instrument (mRAI).
The effectiveness of both the RAI and mRAI scores.
A staggering 30% of the 452 studied patients experienced severe acute kidney injury. At 24 and 72 hours post-measurement, the RAI score exhibited AUCs of 0.67 and 0.73 respectively, when a cutoff of 10 points was used to predict severe acute kidney injury. The multivariate analysis, after controlling for age and sex, indicated a BMI of 30 kg/m².
A SOFA score of 6, along with the Charlson comorbidity index, were identified as risk indicators for the development of serious acute kidney injury. Using the proposed mRAI system, the conditions are summed and this sum is multiplied by the SCr concentration.