This study investigates the association between different PM fractions and daily mortality during Saharan and non-Saharan days in Barcelona, Spain.
Methods: We collected daily PM1, PM2.5-1 and PM10-2.5
fractions, and cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovascular) between March 2003 and December 2007. Changes of effects between Saharan and non-Saharan dust days were assessed using a time-stratified case-crossover design.
Results: During non-Saharan dust days we found statistically significant (p<0.05) effects of PM10-2.5 for cardiovascular (odds ratio for increase of an interquartile range, OR = 1.033, 95% confidence interval: 1.006-1.060) and respiratory mortality (OR = 1.044, 95% CI: 1.001-1.089). During Saharan dust Baf-A1 datasheet days strongest cardiovascular effects were found for the same fraction (OR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.017-1.158) HIF cancer with an indication of effect modification (p = 0.111). Effects of PM2.5-1 during Saharan dust days were about the double than in non-dust days for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality,
but these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our results using independent fractions of PMs provide further evidence that the effects of short-term exposure to PM during Saharan dust days are associated with both cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. A better understanding of which of the different PM size fractions brought by Saharan dust is more likely to accelerate adverse effects may help better understand mechanisms of toxicity. (C) 2012 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Rationale: Previously we reported that airborne concentrations of cis-permethrin, but not trans-permethrin, measured during pregnancy in an inner city pediatric cohort was associated with cough by age 5. However, the effect of subsequent exposures to both permethrins during early childhood, and to piperonyl butoxide (PBO, a synergist for residential pyrethroid insecticides) remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that prenatal and age 5-6 year measures of PBO and permethrins would be associated with cough at age 5-6 buy SC79 years in this cohort. Further, we explored the associations between these pesticide measures and wheeze, asthma, seroatopy, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
Methods: PBO and permethrins were measured in personal air during the third trimester of pregnancy and indoor residential air at age 5-6 years (n=224). Health outcome questionnaires were administered to the mothers of 5-6 year old children. Indoor allergen specific and total immunoglobulin (Ig) E production was measured from sera collected at age 5, and FeNO was measured at 5-6 years. The hypotheses were tested using regression models adjusting for common confounders.
Results: Noninfectious cough was reported among 14% of children at age 5-6 years.