“
“This study develops water footprint scenarios for 2050 based on a number of drivers of change: population growth, economic growth, production/trade pattern, consumption pattern (dietary change,

bioenergy use) and technological development. The objective the study is to understand the changes in the water footprint (WF) of production and consumption for possible futures by region and to elaborate the main drivers of this change. In addition, P005091 molecular weight we assess virtual water flows between the regions of the world to show dependencies of regions on water resources in other regions under different possible futures. We constructed four scenarios, along two axes, representing two key dimensions of uncertainty: globalization versus regional selfsufficiency, and economy-driven development versus development driven by social and environmental objectives. The study shows how different drivers will change the level of water consumption and pollution globally in 2050. The presented scenarios can form a basis for a further assessment of how humanity can mitigate future freshwater scarcity. We showed with this study that reducing humanity’s water footprint to sustainable

levels is possible even with increasing populations, provided that consumption patterns change. This study can help to guide corrective policies at both national and international

levels, and to set priorities for the years ahead in order to achieve sustainable and equitable TH-302 in vivo use of the world’s fresh water resources. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst is an important industrial catalyst for ethylene polymerization. However, understanding of the state of active sites and chain propagation mechanisms concerning the Phillips catalyst is still waiting for conclusive evidence. In this work, the Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst, having been calcined, was used for investigating the copolymerization of ethylene and cyclopentene in the presence of triethylaluminum buy SN-38 as a cocatalyst for the first time. The microstructures of the polymers were investigated with C-13-NMR and gel permeation chromatography methods. Because of the absence of internal double bond (C=C) in the copolymer main chain, the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclopentene was excluded during the copolymerization stage of ethylene and cyclopentene. Also, the 1,2-insertion and 1,3-insertion of cyclopentene into the polyethylene main chain were confirmed. This evidence strongly implies that Cr=C species may not be the active sites for chain propagation; instead, the Cr-C active site model under the Cossee-Arlman chain propagation during the normal polymerization period. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.