The sequences included Everolimus chemical structure typical images of healthy GI tract (esophagus, n=2; colon, n=2) and various pathological conditions (in the esophagus, Barrett’s esophagus (BE) intestinal metaplasia (n=2), BE gastric metaplasia (n=2), BE dysplasia and/or cancer (n=3) and in the colon, hyperplastic polyp (n=2), adenomatous

polyp (n=2), adenocarcinoma (n=2), and ulcerative colitis (n=2)). During the first phase of experiments, the participants (81 trainees and 37 GI specialists) reviewed 10 sequences without any previous training. For each sequence, the participants were asked to choose a presumptive diagnosis between multiple choices, given here above. Then, they underwent a short training session C59 wnt in vitro where elemental lesions were described, using an independant set of typical

examples. Finally, the same review evaluation was repeated using the first set of videos re-arranged randomly. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed for each main diagnosis, The results were analyzed considering the percentage of correct answers before and after the training session, for each group of participants. Results are indicated in table 1. Before and after training, the diagnostic accuracy increased from 56% to 89% for BE lesions and from 24% to 68% for colorectal lesions (Table 1). Regarding esophageal lesions, the most significant improvement post teaching was observed for the interpretation of normal Pembrolizumab clinical trial squamous epithelium (37% to 95%). Regarding colorectal lesions, the most significant improvement post teaching was observed for the interpretation of hyperplastic polyps (7% to 81%) and ulcerative colitis (12% to 73%). 1) The learning curve for pCLE image interpretation is fast, and interpretation can be learned easily after a short and structured training. 2) The learning curve is independant of endoscopic experience. Diagnostic accuracy (%) for image interpretation “
“Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) has been shown a feasible and effective treatment modality for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. The aim of this multicenter study is to review the experience and determine

the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. From December 2009 to November 2012, 34 patients with acute periumbilical pain migrating to the right iliac fossa with a high index of suspicion of acute appendicitis underwent assessment for ERAT. Colonoscopic positive findings (including bulging, edema and pus draining) were considered as definite appendicitis, performing further endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic appendiceal intubations were successful in 33/34 (97.1%) patients during the procedures. Negative appendicitis finding rate was 4/33 (12.1%). Immediated appendiceal decompression were performed in all 29 patients, simple endoscopic cleaning of appendiceal lumen in 19/29 (65.5%), stent drainage in 10/29 (34.