The fragmented nuclei in apoptotic cells can be viewed clearly using these nuclear stains. Oxidative stress in primary chick embryo fibroblasts induced by H2O2 brought about a steady increase in the number of apoptotic cells. All the three extracts of Zea mays leaves significantly reduced the extent of apoptosis revealed by

the nuclear changes. The apoptotic ratio was calculated from the number of normal and dying cells in each treatment group after PI, EtBr, DAPI and AO/EtBr staining techniques and the values obtained are tabulated MG132 in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5. The cells treated with the leaf extracts showed reduced number of apoptotic cells in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shows the photographic record of the apoptosing cells in each treatment group of various staining techniques such as PI, EtBr, DAPI and AO/EtBr. Eupatilin, an extract from Artemisia asiatica Nakai dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis as indicated by CB-839 ic50 staining with annexin V and propidium iodide in human gastric (AGS) cells. 15 Rutin, an

active flavonoid, rendered protective effects against apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as determined by DAPI staining. 16 These reports followed a similar trend of our study, where the Zea mays leaf extracts protected the primary chick embryo

fibroblasts from H2O2-induced damage. Thus the results revealed that H2O2 treated cells Ketanserin (primary cells) showed well-defined apoptotic morphology, which was strongly hindered with by the treatment with the leaf extracts, thus reiterating its anti-apoptotic property by reducing the oxidative stress in chick embryo fibroblasts. All authors have none to declare. The authors thank Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi for financial assistance to BK in the form of an SRF. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. G.P. Jeyanthi, Professor, Avinashilingam Deemed University for her excellent guidance in the statistical analysis of my research data. “
“Problems accompanied with oral route of administration such as extensive metabolism by liver, drug degradation in gastrointestinal tract due to harsh environment, and invasiveness of parenteral administration can be solved by administering the drug through the buccal route.1 and 2 Rich blood supply, robust nature, short recovery times after stress or damage, lower enzymatic activity of saliva, facile removal of formulation, better patient acceptance and compliance are some other prominent meritorious visages of buccoadhesive systems.