The association of these characteristics was assessed, considering that a previous study showed that there was not a linear relationship between the number of cells and bioactivity. Moreover, this ratio is not always constant amongst the Candida species, including C. albicans. 30 For this reason, the present study used CLSM as an auxiliary method of analysis to assist the XTT assay, considering that CLSM allows biofilms to be evaluated with their three dimensional structures preserved. Additionally, COMSTAT software was used,

which numerically evaluates the biofilm structure. 23 and 31 Regarding biofilm structure, FLZ did not alter the thickness, bio-volume and black spaces of C. glabrata and C. albicans P34 biofilms. As mentioned, C. glabrata is naturally more resistant Trametinib clinical trial to FLZ treatment. 9, 26 and 28 Nevertheless, the fact that the structure of C. albicans P34 was not changed, although the metabolic activity was reduced by 60%, could be related to the ability of Candida to reduce its metabolic activity as a protective mechanism in adverse situations, 9 and 29 which in the present study was the presence

of FLZ. Although, C. albicans ATCC 90028 and P01 showed reduced metabolic activity in the presence of FLZ, an increase in bio-volume selleck compound and the average thickness were found. These findings may be related to the increase in cell volume and in the amounts of black spaces, which may be occupied by the polysaccharide matrix and diffusion channels as showed by CLSM images. Also, the TEM images showed that cells

grown in the presence FLZ seemed bigger with an altered structure with deformed nucleus and a significant increase in the number of vacuoles. These vacuoles could be correlated to the action of FLZ, which inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, Flavopiridol (Alvocidib) a component of the fungal membranes. With this inhibition, toxic substances that are ergosterol precursors accumulate in the cell, probably in these vacuoles. 26 and 29 The results showed that the structure of C. albicans ATCC 90028 and P01 were altered by FLZ, but this drug was not able to prevent the development of these biofilms. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these structural alterations are related to a response due to FLZ exposure that causes increased virulence of these biofilms. Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that C. albicans biofilms developed under the presence of FLZ, at the bioavailable concentration present in saliva had its bioactivity and structure altered, but the same was not observed for C. glabrata biofilms. The authors would like to thank FAPESP for the scholarship (2008/03210-8) received by the first author and for the financial support provided for the research (2008/05936-6).