Results and discussion The Si-μp arrays used in the experiment have a square shape with spacing equal to the dimension. The area fraction of the Si-μp arrays is f = 0.25 (f = a 2 / (a + b)2, where a is the dimension of micropillars and b is the spacing between the neighboring pillars). Figure  1a is a tilted-view SEM image of the Si-μp array with a dimension of

8 μm, showing well-defined pillars with a smooth surface. The height of the micropillar is about 15 μm. Figure  1b is a SEM image of the CNT forest CRT0066101 manufacturer growing on Si-μp arrays, showing the hierarchical architecture of CNTs/Si-μp. The forest comprises a large amount of loose CNTs. Figure  1c is a SEM image of a single Si-μp Momelotinib solubility dmso with mutually orthogonal CNT forests. The

forests growing on two neighbor micropillars already join together after 6-min CNT growth. For comparison, we prepared the CNT forest on planar Si wafers (CNTs/Si) using the same growing parameters. Some CNTs extruding from the forest are observed during SEM examination, forming a rough surface (see Figure  1d). The density of CNTs within the forest growing on the planar Si is similar to that growing on the Si-μp arrays. The height of the forest is approximately 10 μm after 6-min CNT growth. The static CAs of water on CNTs/Si and CNTs/Si-μp are measured using 7 μL of (approximately 2.4 mm in diameter) water droplets. Figure  2a shows an image of a water droplet on the CNT forest with www.selleckchem.com/products/ml323.html 8 μm in height growing on Si. The CA between water droplet and CNTs/Si is 145°, showing the hydrophobic surface of CNTs/Si. Table  1 gives the CA of water on CNTs/Si with different CNT heights. It shows that the CA increases as the CNT height increases. For the 15-μm CNTs/Si surface, the CA

is about 150°, showing a superhydrophobic property according the static CA criteria [2]. Figure 2 Contact and sliding angles of water droplets on CNTs/Si and CNTs/Si-μp. Contact angles of water Astemizole droplets on (a) CNTs/Si and (b) CNTs/Si-μp. Sliding angles of water droplets on (c) CNTs/Si and (d) CNTs/Si-μp. The volume of water droplets is 7 μL. Table 1 CA and SA of water droplets (7 μL) on various CNT surfaces Sample 5-μm CNTs/Si (deg) 8-μm CNTs/Si (deg) 10-μm CNTs/Si (deg) 15-μm CNTs/Si (deg) CNTs/Si-μp, 16-μm Si pillar (deg) CNTs/Si-μp, 8-μm Si pillar (deg) CA 143 145 147 150 153 155 SA 55 50 40 40 5 3 Figure  2b shows the CA between water droplet and CNTs/Si-μp with a dimension of 16 μm. The CA of the CNTs/Si-μp surface is 155°, showing the superhydrophobic surface of hierarchical CNTs/Si-μp. There are two kinds of air cavities in the hierarchical CNTs/Si-μp: air between Si micropillars and air between CNTs. The CA of water droplets on CNTs/Si-μp can be expressed by Cassie’s law: where f x is the areal fraction of x and θ x is the contact angle of water with surface x.