Plants overexpressing AtNHX1 have a greater capacity to retain intracellular K(+) and to withstand salt-shock. Under K(+)-limiting conditions, greater K(+) compartmentation in the vacuole occurred at the expense of the MK0683 cytosolic K(+) pool, which was lower in transgenic plants. This caused the early activation of the high-affinity K(+) uptake system, enhanced K(+) uptake by roots, and increased the K(+) content in plant tissues and the xylem sap of transformed plants. Our results strongly suggest
that NHX proteins are likely candidates for the H(+)-linked K(+) transport that is thought to facilitate active K(+) uptake at the tonoplast, and the partitioning of K(+) between vacuole and cytosol.”
“Background: The threonine requirement of human neonates who receive parenteral nutrition (PN) has not been determined experimentally.
Objective: The objective was to determine the parenteral threonine requirement for human neonates by using the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation technique with LY2606368 chemical structure L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine as the indicator amino acid.
Design: Nine postsurgical neonates were randomly assigned to 16 threonine intakes ranging from 10 to 100 mg.kg(-1).d(-1). Breath and urine
samples were collected at baseline and at plateau for (13)CO(2) and amino acid enrichment, respectively. The mean threonine requirement was determined by applying a 2-phase linear regression crossover analysis to the measured rates of (13)CO(2)
release (F(13)CO(2)) and L-[1-(13)C] phenylalanine oxidation.
Results: The mean threonine parenteral requirement determined by using phenylalanine oxidation was 37.6 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) (upper and lower confidence limits, respectively: 29.9 and 45.2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) and by using F(13)CO(2) oxidation was 32.8 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) (upper and lower confidence limits, respectively: 29.7 and 35.9 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)). Graded intakes of threonine had no effect on phenylalanine flux.
Conclusion: This is the first study to report on GW4869 mouse the threonine requirement for human neonates receiving PN. We found that the threonine requirement for postsurgical PN-fed neonates is 22-32% of the content of threonine that is presently found in commercial PN solutions (111-165 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)). Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 134-41.”
“Background Solidorgan transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at greater risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) than the general population, in large part because of their immunosuppression. Select individual SOTRs demonstrate a rate of tumor development at the upper end of their cohort. Capecitabine, a prodrug converted in the body to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), may alter the risk for development of NMSC in an individual SOTR with a high rate of tumor development.