Panels A, B, and C display ATCC 23643 strain. Panels D, E, and F show ARS-1 strain. Panels G, H, I show ALG-00-530 strain. Panels J, K, and L display ALG-02-36 strain. Panels A, D, G, and J show cells at day 1; panels B, E, H, and K display 7 days starved cells; panels C, F, I, and L show 14 day starved cells. Scale bars represent 25 μm. Characteristic coiled forms are noted by arrows. (PDF 16 MB) References 1. Austin B, Austin DA: Bacterial fish pathogens: disease of farmed and wild fish. New York, NY: Springer; 1999. 2. Wagner BA, Wise DJ, Khoo LH, Terhune JS: The epidemiology of bacterial diseases in food-size Citarinostat manufacturer channel catfish. J
Emricasan concentration Aquat Anim Heal 2002, 14:263–272.CrossRef 3. Figueiredo HCP, Klesius PH, Arias CR, Evans J, Shoemaker CA, Pereira DJ, Peixoto MTD: Isolation and characterization of strains of Flavobacterium columnare from Brazil. J Fish Dis 2005,28(4):199–204.PubMedCrossRef 4. Amin NE, Abdallah IS, Faisal M, Easa ME, Alaway T, Alyan SA: Columnaris infection among cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus . Antonie
Van Leeuwenhoek J Microbiol 1988,54(6):509–520.PubMedCrossRef 5. Decostere A, Haesebrouck F, Van Driessche E, Charlier G, Ducatelle R: Characterization of the adhesion of Flavobacterium columnare ( Flexibacter columnaris ) to gill tissue. J Fish Dis 1999, 22:465–474.CrossRef 6. Suomalainen LR, find more Tiirola M, Valtonen ET: Chondroitin AC lyase activity is related to virulence of fish pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare . J Fish Dis 2006, 29:757–763.PubMedCrossRef 7. Welker TL, Shoemaker CA, Arias CR, Klesius PH: Transmission and detection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus . Dis Aquat Org 2005, 63:129–138.PubMedCrossRef 8. Fijan NN: The survival of Chondrococcus columnaris in waters of different quality. Bull Off Int Epizoot
1968, 69:1158–1166. 9. Chowdhury MBR, Wakabayashi H: Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Effects of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium Ions on the surivival of Flexibacter columnaris in water. Fish Pathol 1988,23(4):231–235.CrossRef 10. Kunttu HMT, Valtonen ET, Jokinen EI, Suomalainen L-R: Saprophytism of a fish pathogen as a transmission strategy. Epidemics 2009, 1:96–100.PubMedCrossRef 11. Poindexter JS: Oligotrophy: fast and famine existence. Adv Microb Ecol 1981, 5:63–89.CrossRef 12. Kjellerberg S, Humphrey BA, Marshall KC: Initial phases of starvation and activity of bacteria at surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983, 46:978–984. 13. Suzina NE, Mulyukin AL, Kozlova AN, Shorokhova AP, Dmitriev VV, Barinova ES, Mokhova ON, El’-Registan GI, Duda VI: Ultrastructure of resting cells of some non-spore forming bacteria. Microbiology 2004, 73:435–447.CrossRef 14. Vatsos IN, Thompson KD, Adams A: Starvation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in broth, stream water and distilled water. Dis Aquat Org 2003, 56:115–126.PubMedCrossRef 15.