Our goal in developing the smoking lapse models is to facilitate translational work in medication development by providing a tool to cost-effectively evaluate whether promising Phase II candidates demonstrate a signal for smoking cessation. As detailed in McKee (2009), use of our smoking lapse models may also be extended to evaluate mechanisms underlying relapse kinase inhibitor Paclitaxel (Ashare et al., 2011) as well as to provide a screening tool for nonpharmacological smoking cessation interventions. Our next step in this line of research will be to further validate our nicotine deprivation-smoking lapse model by evaluating whether the ability to resist smoking is predictive of actual quit behavior. The current findings demonstrate that our smoking lapse model is sensitive to the effect of medications with known clinical efficacy for smoking cessation, among smokers who display a pattern of smoking (i.
e., smoke within the first 5 min of waking) which is highly predictive of poorer treatment outcome (Baker et al., 2007). However, it will be critical to demonstrate predictive validity. We have found that medication effects on stress-precipitated smoking lapse behavior were highly predictive of behavior during an actual quit attempt (McKee, 2011). Upon further validation, positive medication findings within our smoking lapse models could then be translated to Phase II or III clinical trial testing in more general groups of smokers. Funding The authors declare that this work was supported by the following National Institutes of Health grants: RL1DA024857, R21DA017234, P50AA015632, and UL1RR024139.
Declaration of Interests SAM has investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer to investigate varenicline�Calcohol interactions. The other authors have no interests to declare.
Tobacco smoke pollution (TSP or secondhand smoke) can cause death, disease, and disabilities in nonsmokers (World Health Organization, 2003). TSP accounts for about 600,000 deaths a year among nonsmokers (?berg, Jaakkola, Woodward, Peruga, & Pr��ss-Ust��n, 2011). To protect nonsmokers from this risk, many countries have implemented smoke-free legislation that bans smoking in indoor workplaces and public places. A review on smoke-free legislation reported that some studies found a positive effect on smoking cessation, whereas other studies did not find this effect (Callinan, Clarke, Doherty, & Kelleher, 2010).
A recent study using data from 21 jurisdictions (countries, states, and provinces) that implemented smoke-free legislation in public places found evidence of a decrease in smoking prevalence in eight jurisdictions but no change in the other 13 (Bajoga, Lewis, McNeill, & Szatkowski, 2011). Knowledge about the pathways Anacetrapib of change explaining the effect of smoke-free legislation on smoking cessation may help in understanding why smoke-free legislation increases smoking cessation in some circumstances and not in others.