Moreover, while wild-type virus infection learn more of Stat1(-/-) was always lethal, vhs-null infection was rarely lethal. There was a significant increase in Stat3- and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent transcription in Stat1-/- mice, implicating the Stat3 and IL-6 pathways in the observed ocular pathology. Further, infected Stat1-/- mice showed phosphorylated Stat3

in the corneal epithelium. Our data show a role for vhs in evading innate host responses and a role for Stat1 in limiting virus infection and for facilitating an appropriate nonpathological inflammatory response.”
“OBJECTIVE: Huge intradural ossifications in the spine are quite rare. We report for the first time a patient with a huge intradural ossification caused by a mature teratoma at the conus medullaris.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old woman presented with low back pain and gait disturbance. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge ossification at the tip of the conus medullaris.

INTERVENTION: We performed L1 and L2 laminectomy and removed the mass completely.

The pathological diagnosis was mature teratoma with remarkable ossification.

CONCLUSION: This unusual case of intradural ossification MI-503 demonstrated regressive changes in a mature teratoma. Despite its tight adhesion to the conus medullaris and cauda equina, the ossified tumor was atraumatically removed with an ultrasonic aspirator.”
“The capsid of bacteriophage HK97 is stabilized by similar to 400 covalent cross-links between subunits which form without any action by external enzymes or cofactors. Cross-linking only occurs in fully assembled particles after large-scale structural changes bring together side chains from three subunits at each cross-linking site. Isopeptide cross-links form between asparagine and lysine side chains on two subunits. The carboxylate of glutamic acid 363 (E363) from a third subunit is found similar to 2.4 angstrom from the

isopeptide bond in the partly hydrophobic pocket that contains the cross-link. It was previously reported without supporting data that changing E363 to alanine abolishes cross-linking, suggesting that E363 plays a role in cross-linking. This alanine mutant and six additional substitutions for E363 many were fully characterized and the proheads produced by the mutants were tested for their ability to cross-link under a variety of conditions. Aspartic acid and histidine substitutions supported cross-linking to a significant extent, while alanine, asparagine, glutamine, and tyrosine did not, suggesting that residue 363 acts as a proton acceptor during cross-linking. These results support a chemical mechanism, not yet fully tested, that incorporates this suggestion, as well as features of the structure at the cross-link site.