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“Many studies of outpatient commitment have assessed effects on health service use rather than psychiatric symptomatology. We examined whether patients on one form of outpatient commitment, community treatment orders (CTOs), had better Z-DEVD-FMK outcomes on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS). Cases and controls from three linked Western Australian databases were matched on age, sex, diagnosis and time of hospital discharge. These databases cover the entire state

(population=2.3 million). We compared HoNOS scores of CTO cases and controls at baseline, six-, and twelve-month follow-up, using multivariate analyses to further control for confounders. We identified 1296 CTO cases between 2004

and 2009 along with the same number of controls matched on age, sex, discharge date and mental health diagnosis (total n=2592). HoNOS scores were available for 1433 (55%) of the patients who could have had these recorded at baseline (748 CTO cases and 685 controls). There was no significant difference in HoNOS scores at six- and twelve-month follow-up between selleck products CTO cases and controls after adjusting for potential confounders at each time-point. Although the study was limited by missing data, outpatient commitment in the form of CTOs may not result in better psychiatric outcomes as measured by the HoNOS. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. Necrotizing and crescentic HDAC inhibitor mechanism GN usually presents with rapidly declining renal function, often in association with multisystem autoimmune disease, with a poor outcome if left untreated. We aimed to describe the features of patients who have presented with these histopathological findings but minimal disturbance of renal function. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review (1995-2011) of all adult patients with native renal biopsy-proven necrotizing or crescentic GN and normal serum creatinine ( smaller than 120 mu mol/l) at our centre. Results. Thirty-eight patients were identified. The median creatinine at presentation was 84 mu mol/l and the median proportion of glomeruli affected by necrosis or

crescents was 32%. Clinicopathological diagnoses were ANCA-associated GN (74%), LN (18%), anti-GBM disease (5%) and HScP (3%). Only 18% of cases had pre-existing diagnoses of underlying multisystem autoimmune disease, although the majority (89%) had extra-renal manifestations accompanying the renal diagnosis. All patients received immunosuppression and most had good long-term renal outcomes (median duration of follow-up 50 months), although two progressed to end-stage renal disease within 3 years. We estimate that renal biopsy had an important influence on treatment decisions in 82% of cases. Conclusion. Necrotizing and crescentic GN may present in patients with no or only minor disturbance of renal function.