?Lichenopyrenis, ?GSK1120212 Splanchnonema, ?Peridiothelia and Pleomassaria (Table 4). The generic type of Pleomassaria (P. siparia) clustered with species of Melanommataceae in previous and present studies (Schoch et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1). Zhang et al. (2009a) has attempted

to assign Pleomassariaceae to Melanommataceae (Zhang et al. 2009a). Based on the distinct morphology and anamorphic stage of Pleomassaria siparia as well as the divergence of dendrogram, we hesitantely reinstate Pleomassariaceae as a separate family in this study. Pleosporaceae Nitschke 1869 The Pleosporaceae is one of the earliest introduced www.selleckchem.com/products/ulixertinib-bvd-523-vrt752271.html families in Dothideomycetes. The Pleosporaceae was originally assigned under Sphaeriales, which accommodated species with paraphyses and immersed perithecia (Ellis and Everhart 1892; Lindau 1897; Winter 1887). Subsequently, many learn more of the Pleosporaceae species were transferred to

the Pseudosphaeriaceae, which was subsequently elevated to ordinal rank as Pseudosphaeriales (Theissen and Sydow 1918). Luttrell (1955) introduced the Pleosporales (lacking a Latin description), which is characterized by its Pleospora-type of centrum development. Based on this, the Pleosporaceae and the Lophiostomataceae as well as other five families were placed in Pleosporales (Luttrell 1955). Pleosporaceae is the largest and most typical family in Pleosporales. Wehmeyer (1975) stated that the Pleospora-type centrum development is verified in a small number of genera, and centrum development in the majority of genera is unknown; thus the placement of families or genera is quite arbitrary. In addition, the circumscription of Pleosporaceae is not clear-cut, and “……ascostromata of many different types,

which are previously placed in various other families (Trichosphaeriaceae, filipin Melanommataceae, Cucurbitariaceae, Amphisphaeriaceae etc.) are to be found here” (Wehmeyer 1975). Thus, the heterogeneous nature of Pleosporales is obvious (Eriksson 1981), and had been confirmed by subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies (e.g. Kodsueb et al. 2006a). Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, some species from Lewia, Cochliobolus, Pleospora, Pyrenophora and Setosphaeria resided in the Pleosporaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a). Sporormiaceae Munk 1957 The Sporormiaceae is the largest coprophilous family in Pleosporales, which bears great morphological variation. Ascomata vary from cleistothecoid to perithecoid, asci are regularly or irregularly arranged, clavate or spherical, ascospores with or without germ slits or ornamentations. Based on phylogenetic analysis, Sporormiaceae is most likely monophyletic as currently circumscribed (Kruys et al. 2006; Kruys and Wedin 2009). ? Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr 2002 The Teichosporaceae was introduced by segregating some non-lichenized members of the Dacampiaceae which are apostrophic on woody stems and periderm or hypersaprotrophic on other ascomycetous fungi (Barr 2002).