Finally, data showed that CLE prevented t-BOOH-induced reduction of Trx2 but not Trx1 and Trx reductases (TrxR1 and TrxR2) protein expression. Thus, our results suggest that CLE prevents t-BOOH-induced reduction in Trx2 expression, promotion of ROS production, activation of p38 kinase, and increase in DNA damage and that it protects against cell death.”
“Prestin is the motor protein of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and a key factor
in ensuring a high sensitivity level of mammalian hearing. In the present study, we examined the effects of increased extracellular potassium (K+) concentration on the expression of prestin mRNA and the transcription factors Gata-3 and Carf in the organotypic culture of the organ of Corti of newborn rats. Mannitol and NaCl were TPCA-1 purchase used to analyze possible effects of hyperosmotic stress or ion-specific MK-1775 solubility dmso changes, respectively. An increase in prestin expression by a factor of 1.5-2.0 was seen in cultures grown in the presence of 5 mM K. Potassium concentration of 35 and 55 mM induced a parallel decrease in prestin and Carf expression, but Gata-3 expression increased. Mannitol
had no effect on gene expression whereas increased NaCl concentrations decreased prestin, but not Carf expression. The data suggest that chronic depolarization might decrease the prestin expression and possibly contribute to hearing loss and tinnitus. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“1-Bromopropane (1-BP; CAS number 106-94-5), also known as n-propyl bromide, is a halogenated short-chain alkane used as an organic solvent with numerous commercial and industrial applications, including garment dry cleaning and vapor degreasing of metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the dermal
absorption characteristics and corrosivity of 1-BP. Heat-separated human epidermal membranes were mounted on static diffusion cells. Different this website exposure scenarios were studied (infinite dose, finite dose, and transient exposure) using neat 1-BP and saturated aqueous solution as donor. Steady-state fluxes for infinite-dose neat 1-BP exposure averaged 625 to 960 mu g cm(-2) h(-1). The finite-dose (10 mu l/cm(2) = 13.5 mg/cm(2)) unoccluded donor resulted in penetration of < 0.2% of the applied dose (22 mu g/cm(2)). A 10-min transient exposure to infinite dose resulted in total penetration of 179 mu g/cm(2). Steady-state 1-BP fluxes from neat application of a commercial dry cleaning solvent were similar (441 to 722 mu g cm(-2) h(-1)). The permeability coefficient of 1-BP in water vehicle was 0.257 +/- 0.141 cm/h. The absorption potential of 1-BP following dermal exposure is dependent upon the type and duration of exposure. Donor losses due to evaporation were approximately 500-fold greater than dermal absorption flux; evaporation flux was 420 mg cm(-2) h(-1).