Current international guidelines recommend screening for depression in patients with diabetes. Yet, few depression screening instruments have been validated for use in this particular group of patients. Aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: A sample of 151 Turkish AL3818 inhibitor outpatients with type 2 diabetes completed the CES-D, the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID).
Explanatory factor analyses, various correlations and Cronbach’s alpha were investigated to test the validity and reliability of the CES-D in Turkish diabetes outpatients.
Results: The original four-factor GW786034 order structure proposed by Radloff was not confirmed. Explanatory factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure representing two subscales: (1) depressed mood combined with somatic symptoms
of depression and (2) positive affect. However, one item showed insufficient factor loadings. Cronbach’s alpha of the total score was high (0.88), as were split-half coefficients (0.77-0.90). The correlation of the CES-D with the WHO-5 was the strongest (r = -0.70), and supported concurrent validity.
Conclusion: The CES-D appears to be a valid measure for the assessment of depression in Turkish diabetes patients.
Future studies should investigate its sensitivity and specificity as well as test-retest reliability.”
“Background: Cocaine snorting may cause significant local ischemic necrosis and the destruction of nasal and midfacial bones and soft tissues, leading to the development of a syndrome 4-Hydroxytamoxifen molecular weight called cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion. A review of the English-language literature reveals only a few articles describing the treatment of hard and/or soft palatal perforation related to cocaine inhalation. Described here are 4 patients with a history of cocaine abuse showing palatal lesions.
Materials and Methods: From 2010 to 2013, a total of 4 patients affected by cocaine-related midline destructive lesions were referred to our department. They all presented signs of a cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion. They showed wide midfacial destruction involving the nasal septum as well as the hard and soft palates causing an ample oronasal communication.
Results: In 3 patients, oronasal communication has been treated successfully using a personal technique based on a partially de-epithelialized forearm free flap. The fourth patient had been treated only with local debridement because, when she came to our attention, her abusive habits were still unsolved.
Discussion: Different surgical options have been reported such as local, regional, and free flaps for hard and soft palate reconstruction.