Conclusions:
The described protozoa A-1155463 mw detection methodology is sensitive, rapid and cost-effective.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
This effective procedure will be useful for small waterworks to achieve continuous monitoring and is also of value for screening catchments to identify those that require further treatment and more detailed microscopic counts.”
“Aims:
To determine the ability of a novel Bacillus subtilis AMR isolated from poultry waste to hydrolyse human hair producing peptidases including keratinases and hair keratin peptides.
Methods
and Results:
The Bacillus subtilis AMR was identified using biochemical tests and by analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. The isolate was grown in medium containing human hair as the sole source of carbon selleck inhibitor and nitrogen. The supplementation of hair medium (HM) with 0 center dot 01% yeast extract increased
the keratinolytic activity 4 center dot 2-fold. B. subtilis AMR presented high keratinase production on the 8th day of fermentation in hair medium (HM) supplemented with 0 center dot 01% yeast extract (HMY) at pH 8 center dot 0. Keratinase yield was not correlated with increase in biomass. Zymography showed keratin-degrading peptidases migrating at c. 54, 80 and 100 kDa and gelatin-degrading bands at c. 80, 70 63, 54 32 and 15 kDa. Keratinases were optimally active at 50 degrees C and pH 9 center dot 0 and was fully inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor (PMSF). Scanning electron microscopy showed complete degradation of the hair cuticle after exposure to B. subtilis AMR grown in HMY. MALDI-TOF analysis of culture supernatant containing peptides produced during
enzymatic hydrolysis of hair by B. subtilis AMR revealed fragments in a range of 800-2600 Da.
Conclusions:
This study showed that B. subtilis AMR was able to hydrolyse human hair producing serine peptidases with keratinase and gelatinase activity as well as hair keratin peptides.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
This is the first report describing the production and partial characterization of keratinases by a B. subtilis strain grown in a medium containing human hair. These data suggest that peptides obtained from enzymatic hair hydrolysis may be useful for future applications on pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.”
“Aim:
To investigate CB-839 the effect of copper on the virulence of Edwardsiella tarda.
Methods and Results:
The pathogenic Edw. tarda strain TX5 was cultured under copper-stressed conditions and examined for any potential alteration in capacities that are associated with pathogenicity. The results showed that compared to untreated TX5, Cu-treated TX5 exhibits reduced planktonic and biofilm growth, an impaired ability to adhere to host mucus, modulation of host immune response, and dissemination in host blood and liver. Consistent with these observations, the overall bacterial virulence of Cu-treated TX5 is significantly attenuated.