Conclusions In conclusion, the present findings

demonstrate that MSCs have tumor suppressive effects in chemically PFT�� supplier induced hepatocarcinogenesis as evidenced by down regulation of Wnt signaling Savolitinib target genes concerned with antiapoptosis, mitogenesis, cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Therefore, Wnt signaling might be considered as an important pathway in MSCs-mediated targeting of tumor inhibition. Further studies are recommended regarding the study of different molecular signaling pathways and the precise biologic characteristics of MSCs. Thorough evaluation of MSCs potential risks versus benefits in malignancy still need to be explored. Acknowledgements This

work was financially supported by a grant from the charity foundation of the late Professor Dr. Yassin Abdel Ghaffar and Wife (HCC GRANT). Special thanks to Professor Dr. Tawhida Yassin Abdel Ghaffar; Professor of Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. References 1. Whittaker S, Marais R, Zhu AX: The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2010, VX-689 29:4989–5005.PubMedCrossRef 2. Seeff LB, Hoofnagle JH: Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in areas of low hepatitis B and hepatitis C endemicity. Liver cancer in areas of low hepatitis frequency. Oncogene 2006, 25:3771–3777.PubMedCrossRef 3. Mizokami M, Tanaka Y: Tracing the evolution of hepatitis C virus in the United States, Japan, and Egypt by using the molecular clock. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005, 3:S82-S85.PubMedCrossRef 4. Abdel Aziz MT, Abdel Aziz M, Fouad HH, et al.: Interferon-gene therapy prevents aflatoxin and carbon tetrachloride promoted hepatic carcinogenesis in rats. Int J Mol Med 2005, 15:21–26. 5. Coverdale SA, Khan MH, Byth K, et al.: Effects of Interferon Treatment Response on Liver Complications of Chronic Hepatitis C: 9-year Follow-Up Study. Am

J Gastroenterol 2004,99(4):636–44.PubMedCrossRef 6. Miyake Y, Takaki A, Iwasaki Y, Yamamoto K: Meta-analysis: interferon-alpha prevents the recurrence after curative Niclosamide treatment of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepatitis 2010, 17:287–292.CrossRef 7. Levicar N, Dimarakis I, Flores C, Tracey J, Gordon MY, Habib NA: Stem cells as a treatment for chronic liver disease and diabetes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007, (180):243–62. 8. Qiao L, Xu Z, Zhao Z, et al.: Suppression of tumorigenesis by human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a hepatoma model. Cell Res 2008, 18:500–507.PubMedCrossRef 9. Nakamizo A, Marini F, Amano T, et al.: Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of gliomas. Cancer Res 2005, 65:3307–3318.PubMed 10.