At the behavioral level, response times in the lexical decision task were significantly longer for negative, compared to positive, this website imperatives. At the neural level, activity was differentially decreased by action verbs presented as negative imperatives for the premotor and the primary motor cortex of both hemispheres. The data suggest that context (here: positive vs. negative imperatives), in which an action verb is encountered, modulates the neural activity within key areas of the motor system. The finding implies that motor simulation (or motor planning) rather than semantic processing per se may underlie previously observed motor system activation
related to action verb processing. Furthermore, the current data suggest that negative imperatives may inhibit motor simulation or motor planning processes. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“While intraventricular administration of epidermal growth
factor (EGF) expands the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is particularly effective in enhancing striatal neurogenesis. We assessed the induction of striatal neurogenesis and consequent functional recovery after chronic infusion of BDNF and EGF in an adult animal model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic selleck chemicals llc (HI) brain injury. Permanent brain damage was induced in CD-1 (R) (ICR) mice (P7) by applying the ligation of unilateral carotid artery and hypoxic condition. At 6 weeks of age, the mice were randomly assigned to groups receiving a continuous
2-week infusion of one of the following treatments into the ventricle: BDNF, EGF, BDNF/EGF, or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Two weeks after treatment, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in the number of BrdU(+) cells in the SVZ and striata of BDNF/EGF-treated mice. The number of new neurons co-stained with BrdU and beta III-tubulin was also significantly increased in the neostriata of BDNF/EGF-treated mice, compared with PBS group. In addition, the newly generated cells were expressed as migrating neuroblasts labeled with PSA-NCAM or doublecortin aminophylline in the SVZ and the ventricular side of neostriata. The new striatal neurons were also differentiated as mature neurons co-labeled with BrdU(+)/NeuN(+). When evaluated post-surgical 8 weeks, BDNF/EGF-treated mice exhibited significantly longer rotarod latencies at constant speed (48 rpm) and under accelerating condition (4-80 rpm), relative to PBS and untreated controls. In the forelimb-use asymmetry test, BDNF/EGF-treated mice showed significant improvement in the use of the contralateral forelimb.