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“Introduction Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic in drinking water (Ravenscroft et al. 2009), an established cause of lung cancer (IARC 2004). Arsenic affects many body tissues, but the human lung seems particularly susceptible (NRC 2001). In fact, lung cancer appears to be the most common cause of death from arsenic in drinking water (Smith et al. 1992; Yuan et al. 2007). Most lung carcinogens—including tobacco smoke, asbestos, and silica—also cause non-malignant respiratory effects. The first evidence that ingested arsenic might follow this pattern came from the limited investigations of children in Antofagasta, Chile (Borgoño et al. 1977; Zaldivar 1980). More recently, studies have linked arsenic in drinking water to lung function, cough, breathlessness, crepitations, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis (De et al. 2004; Guha Mazumder et al.

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