a P < 0.05, paclitaxel vs. BAY 63-2521 order vehicle-control treated cells Effects of paclitaxel on gene expression, protein and activity of CDA The effects of paclitaxel on CDA mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR using the relative standard curve method (Figure 2). As measured for dCK mRNA levels, the mRNA levels was statistically significantly decreased Adavosertib in vivo in H460 (52%, P < 0.05) and H520 (59%, P < 0.05) cells treated with paclitaxel compared to vehicle-control. The mRNA levels were relatively unchanged in the H838 cells. The effects of paclitaxel on CDA protein were measured by Western immunoblot analysis. The protein

expression was unchanged in all three cell lines after treatment with paclitaxel at the observed IC-50 value for 24 hours compared to vehicle-control (Figure 3). The activities of CDA are summarized in Table 4. The cells were exposed to vehicle-control or paclitaxel at the observed IC-50 value determined in the specific cell line. Basal CDA activity was highest in H520 cells and lowest in H838 cells. The Vactosertib research buy mean activity increased in all three cell lines 75% to 153%, but the increase in activity was only statistically significantly

higher in H520 cells treated with paclitaxel compared to cells treated with vehicle-control treated cells (P < 0.001). Table 4 The effects of paclitaxel on deoxycytdine kinase and cytidine deaminase activity and gene expression in solid tumor cell lines Cell line H460 H520 H838 Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) Control 0.46 ± 0.12 1.23 ± 0.12 2.44 ± 1.56 Paclitaxel 0.69 ± 0.14 1.67 ± 0.25 2.60 ± 0.46 Fold change 1.5 1.4a 1.1 Cytidine deaminase (CDA) Control 11.8 ± 3.4 18.2 ± 10.5 4.1 ± 2.1 Paclitaxel 27.0 ± 16.1 31.9 ± 11.1 10.4 ± 6.8 Fold change 2.3 1.8a 2.5 Mean (± standard deviation) of the activity of deoxycytidine kinase (nmol per hour per 106 cells) or cytidine deaminase (pmol per minute per 106 cells) after exposure to vehicle-control or paclitaxel for 24 hours. The mean represents three independent experiments with each experiment conducted in at least triplicate.

The fold change represents Staurosporine purchase the mean activity after exposure to paclitaxel divided by the mean activity after exposure to vehicle-control. a P < 0.05 or P < 0.001, paclitaxel vs control-treated cells Effects of paclitaxel on the accumulation of the phosphorylated and deaminated metabolites The deaminated and phosphorylated metabolites were measurable in only the H520 cells within the medium and the cellular pellet, respectively (Figure 4). The accumulation of these metabolites was substantially decreased by paclitaxel in this cell line. The accumulation of the diphosphate exceeded the accumulation of the mono- and triphosphate. The triphosphate decreased by about 75%, the diphosphate decreased by about 87% (paclitaxel vs. vehicle control, P < 0.05) and the monophosphate decreased by about 37% in the H520 cells.