Neuropsychopharmacology (2013) 38, 386-394; doi:10.1038/npp.2012.192; published online 12 September 2012″
“A non-linear SIRS mathematical model to explore the dynamics of water borne diseases like cholera

is proposed and analyzed by incorporating delay in using disinfectants to control the disease. It is assumed that the only way for the spread of infection is ingestion of contaminated water by susceptibles. As the pathogens discharged by infectives reach to the aquatic environment, it is assumed that the growth rate of pathogens is proportional to the number of infectives. Further, it is assumed that disinfectants are introduced to kill pathogens with a rate proportional to the density

of pathogens in the aquatic environment. The model is analyzed by using stability theory of selleck inhibitor delay differential equations. It is found that the model exhibits two equilibria, the disease free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The analysis shows that under certain conditions, the cholera disease may be controlled by using disinfectants but a longer delay in their use may destabilize the system. Numerical simulation is also carried out to confirm the analytical results. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Complex dynamic control (CDC) tasks are a type of problem-solving environment used for examining many cognitive activities (e.g., attention, control, decision making, hypothesis testing, implicit learning, memory, monitoring, planning, and problem solving). Because of their find more Popularity, there have been many findings from diverse domains of research (economics, engineering, ergonomics, human-computer interaction, management, diglyceride psychology),

but they remain largely disconnected from each other. The objective of this article is to review theoretical developments and empirical work on CDC tasks, and to introduce a novel framework (monitoring and control framework) as a tool for integrating theory and findings. The main thesis of the monitoring and control framework is that CDC tasks are characteristically uncertain environments, and subjective judgments of uncertainty guide the way in which monitoring and control behaviors attempt to reduce it. The article concludes by discussing new insights into continuing debates and future directions for research on CDC tasks.”
“Behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic approaches constitute two prominent strategies for treating cocaine dependence. This study investigated interactions between behavioral and pharmacological strategies in a preclinical model of cocaine vs food choice. Six rhesus monkeys, implanted with a chronic indwelling double-lumen venous catheter, initially responded under a concurrent schedule of food delivery (1-g pellets, fixed-ratio (FR) 100 schedule) and cocaine injections (0-0.