2, 8 girls and 2 boys) and 10 age-matched healthy controls. The average Cobb angle of the primary curve in the IS patients was 35A degrees (range 27A degrees-55A degrees). All participants underwent a block-design fMRI experiment in a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner to explore cortical activation following a simple motor task. Rest periods alternated with activation periods during
which participants were required to open and close their hand at an internally paced rate of approximately 1 Hz. Data were analyzed with Statistical Selleck GANT61 Parametric Mapping (SPM5) including age, sex and laterality as nuisance variables to minimise the presence of bias in the results. Compared to controls, IS patients showed significant increases in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activity in contralateral supplementary motor area when performing the motor task with either hand. No significant differences were observed when testing
between groups in the functional activation in the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and somatosensory cortex. Additionally, the IS group showed a greater interhemispheric asymmetry index than the control group (0.30 vs. 0.13, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates an abnormal https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jib-04.html pattern of brain activation in secondary motor areas during movement execution in patients with IS. These findings support the hypothesis that a sensorimotor integration disorder underlies the pathogenesis of IS.”
“Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome is characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep. The literature describes multiple causes of the disease. The main cause is a reduction of the expansion forces of the MEK162 cost pharyngeal dilator muscles, as in situations of genioglossal muscle dysfunction, and discoordination between the inspiratory activity of the muscle and respiratory effort, which play an important role in progression of the disease.
Other described causes are soft tissue disorders, such as macroglossia or tonsillar hypertrophy, and skeletal structural alterations such as micrognathia and retrognathia. The syndrome is also more frequent in obese people, where the accumulation of fat in the neck region produces narrowing of the pharyngeal airway, thereby
diminishing the passage of air.
This review focuses on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, main features and diagnosis of the disease, and on its main forms of treatment.”
“Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. However, it may lead to diseases of the bilio-pancreatic tract. We evaluated transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for managing common biliary tract diseases in patients that underwent RYGB treatment for obesity. This prospective study was conducted between 2003 and 2010 at three medical institutions. We included 23 patients with a mean body mass index of 28.2 kg/m(2) after RYGB treatment. ERCP was performed in all patients to manage biliary tract diseases within 9 to 27 months (mean 16.