An ex vivo perfusion technique of rabbit and rat intestinal tissues containing FK228 Peyer’s patches combined with an in vitro method by using Caco-2 cell monolayers demonstrated the microparticulate carrier ability to be taken up by both M cells and enterocytes. However, only the endocytosis by M cells appeared to provide the microparticle transport from the epithelium toward deeper sub-epithelial regions.”
“The

authors report a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis that became apparent and was confirmed by a specific Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern at the initiation of Kawasaki disease in an 18-month-old child. His condition CA4P purchase deteriorated fast and produced no response to intravenous immunoglobulin and dexamethasone. A standard HLH-2004 regimen was started. But he developed respiratory failure, seizure, and cardiac arrest, and died. This case is unique for developing

hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis at the initiation of Kawasaki disease, with fatal outcome. This case may indicate a yet unknown mechanism triggers these 2 diseases; a specific Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern helps rapid differential diagnosis between these 2 diseases.”
“BACKGROUND: Post-transplant immunosuppression is associated with endothelial dysfunction that may lead to vasculopathy. We have previously demonstrated that cyclosporine causes vascular dysfunction. In this we study examined the effect Of tacrolimus (Tac) in an identical model.

METHODS: Lewis rats (n = 8 per group) were injected with Tac (low, medium or high dose) or saline (Con) daily for 2 weeks. Segments of thoracic aorta (TAo) were assessed for

endothelium-dependent (Edep) and -independent (Eind) vasorelaxation (E(max)) find protocol and sensitivity to endothelin (ET)-induced vasoconstriction (C(max)). ET(A) and ET(B), receptor (Rc) expression levels were determined in TAo. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression were determined. in myocardial (LV) tissue. Plasma ET levels and tissue oxidative injury were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay.

RESULTS: Tac did not impair Edep relaxation when compared with Con (p = 0.69). Impairment of sodium nitroprusside-mediated Eind vasorelaxation was noted with Tac (E(max): Con 69 +/- 2%, Tac high 54 +/- 2%; p = 0.0001), whereas no such impairment was seen with diltiazem-mediated Eind vasorelaxation (p = 0.06). Tac decreased sensitivity to ET (C(max): Con 222 +/- 19%, Tac high 162 +/- 11%; p = 0.0002) and ET levels (Con 0.8 +/- 0.1 fmol/ml, Tac 0.4 +/- 0.1 fmol/ml; p = 0.02). Tac did not alter ET(A) Rc expression (p = 0.28), but increased ET(B), Rc levels (p = 0.02).