1). Fibrosis similarly governed liver histology in patients on PN (88%) and patients weaned off PN (64%), concentrating to Selleck Neratinib portal areas in both patient groups (Table 2; Fig. 1). Age at PN start, duration of PN, time after weaning off PN, absolute and percentage of age-adjusted small bowel length, ileum length, and number of blood culture-positive septic episodes correlated with Metavir fibrosis stage and portal fibrosis (Table 4; Fig. 2). Patients without an ileocecal

valve had more frequently (20 of 22) and more advanced fibrosis, compared to those with a preserved Ileocecal valve (8 of 16; P = 0.008) (Fig. 3). Lobular fibrosis correlated with ileum length, duration of PN, and absolute (r = −0.334; P = 0.035) and age-adjusted colon length (r = −0.391; P = 0.015) (Table 4). In a multivariate stepwise linear regression model (adjusted R2 = 0.425), age-adjusted small bowel length (ß = −0.533; P = 0.001), grade of portal inflammation (ß = 0.291; P = 0.030), and absence of an ileocecal valve (ß = 0.267; P = 0.044) were significant predictors for Metavir fibrosis stage. In a multiple logistic regression model (for the

learn more full model: χ2 = 18.71; df, 4; P < 0.001), the strongest independent predictor of fibrosis was absence of an ileocecal valve (odds ratio = 8.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-79; P = 0.05). APRI correlated positively with Metavir stage (r = 0.404; P = 0.013). Steatosis was equally common during (50%) and after weaning off PN (45%), including equal amounts of microvesicular (50%) and macrovesicular (50%) steatosis in both groups (Table 2; Fig. 1). No Mallory bodies were observed. Steatosis was associated with duration of PN and absolute and age-adjusted small bowel length (Table 4). Patients

on PN had more foamy degeneration, compared to patients weaned off PN (Table 2). Neither steatosis nor fibrosis was related to BMI or weight for length (r = −0.016-0.027; P = 0.888-0.934). Portal inflammation was more common during than medchemexpress after weaning off PN (Table 2; Fig. 1) and consisted mainly of neutrophils and lymphocytes similarly in both groups. Degree of portal inflammation associated with degree of cholestasis (r = 0.333; P = 0.041) and portal fibrosis (r = 0.333; P = 0.041). Cholestasis was found in 6 patients on PN and in none after weaning off PN (Table 2; Fig. 1). Time after weaning off PN was inversely associated with cholestasis grade (Table 4). Expression of CK7 in periportal hepatocytes was increased in patients on PN (Table 3) and correlated with ileum length (r = −0.347; P = 0.041) and the number of blood culture-positive septic episodes (r = 0.421; P = 0.013). In patients on PN, canalicular cholestasis was associated with daily PN glucose dose (g/kg/day; r = 0.631; P = 0.009), but not with daily PN fat dose (r = 0.022; P = 0.934).