The MRI data revealed that strategic behavior and age were related to both the structure and function of regions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In terms of function, the difference in the magnitude of blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal for UG versus DG proposals in DLPFC was correlated with age and strategic behavior. With regard to structure, measures of cortical thickness in the same DLPFC regions of interest

(ROIs) from the functional contrast were also correlated with strategic behavior in the left, Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor but not right hemispheres. Investigating the role of age, Steinbeis et al. (2012) additionally tested an adult sample using the same paradigm. Adults showed similar functional and structural effects with strategic behavior correlating with BOLD activity in both hemispheres, but cortical thickness only on the left. The DLPFC is implicated in a wide range of cognitive processes, many of which change across development (see Casey et al., 2005). Focusing on the precise function of DLPFC during strategic decision making, Steinbeis PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and colleagues (2012) showed that developmental differences in response inhibition or impulse control (SSRT score) were correlated with the same left DLPFC region as strategic behavior in terms of both cortical thickness and BOLD response. This finding

suggests that the functional role of DLPFC in this strategic decision-making task may involve aspects of impulse control. Impulse control is an important component of a set of skills commonly referred to as executive functions or cognitive control. Individual differences in cognitive control abilities during childhood have significant predictive power for academic performance as well as later social and health outcomes in adulthood (Moffitt et al., 2011). The reported association between impulse control and strategic social decisions across development further emphasizes

the fundamental importance of cognitive control abilities in successful human behavior. The findings ADAMTS5 of Steinbeis et al. (2012) raise interesting questions for future research. One open question is the differential role of left versus right DLPFC in cognitive control and decision making. A previous study that temporarily disrupted the function of DLPFC using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) showed that disruption of right DLPFC leads to increased acceptance of unfair offers in the UG game (Knoch et al., 2006). The developmental study in this issue suggests a role for both left and right DLPFC in strategically adjusting offers between the DG and UG contexts. However, the rTMS study only examined the choices of responders while this developmental MRI study only examined proposers.